Mental Models – Ladder of Inference
Mental Models are embedded assumptions, generalizations, or even images. These models shape our worldview and, in turn, impact our behavior. Consequently, two people may witness exactly the same event yet have vastly different perceptions because they have different mental models. In a sense, mental models are like eye glasses, critically changing the way we see the world around us.
Chris Argyris developed a “Ladder of Inference” to describe how people form and sustain mental models. According to Mr. Argyris, we all make assumptions in their daily lives. They are necessary. For example, when we buy a bottle of milk, we assume the milk is drinkable. This said, we must acknowledge that our assumptions could be wrong, especially when we make assumptions about the intentions or beliefs of others.
Ladder of Inference:
Advocacy versus Investigation:
Healthy inquiry is a blend of advocacy (what we believe and want) and investigation (what the data is telling us). When leaders and organizations balance the two forces, they learn from experiences, constantly improving their services and products. This is the cycle of self-sustaining growth (Senge, 2006, pp. 113-125).
In fact, the ‘Ladder of Inference” is equivalent to a cycle of growth. Quality improves, with each new cycle, based on learning:
Unfortunately, it is easy for leaders to let their beliefs and biases color their mental models. This is common when people, and organizations, have entrenched beliefs and practices. Read More
